Czechia

Migration and demographic change in Czechia

At the end of the third quarter of 2025, Czechia had a total of 10.9 million inhabitants.

11 Jahre zuvor, also kurz vor der Syrien-Krise, hatte die Zahl noch bei gut 10,5 Millionen gelegen. Angesichts der sehr geringen Geburtenrate im Lande speiste sich die Zunahme allein aus der Ankunft von Immigranten.

The total fertility rate fell to 1.37 children per woman in 2024, still above the historical low of 1.13 recorded in 1999, but well below the replacement level of 2.10.

The population is no longer stable and has started to decrease slightly. By 2035, the population is projected to be approximately 10.87 million, roughly the same level as today, a relative stability that is due to continued immigration.

The country experienced a major migration shock following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. At the end of 2024, there were 388,879 beneficiaries of temporary protection residing in Czechia, representing 3.6% of the population – the highest share per capita in the EU. By the end of 2024, a total of 1,094,089 foreigners were legally residing in Czechia, including temporary protection holders, accounting for 10% of the total population.

Third country nationals, including temporary protection holders, represent the majority of foreigners (78.8%). The largest foreign groups overall are citizens of Ukraine, Slovakia, and Vietnam; however, among third country nationals (non-EU citizens), the largest groups are Ukraine and Vietnam. In 2024, 1,363 asylum applications were filed, mainly from Uzbekistan, Ukraine, and Vietnam. Asylum was granted to 54 persons, most frequently to nationals of Myanmar, Russia, and Belarus.